Channels Guide

IM Channel Configuration

RC can receive/reply via Telegram, Discord, WeChat (微信), Feishu (飞书), QQ, Slack, WhatsApp. Channels are OC infrastructure — RC reuses them fully.

Dashboard Channel Management UI

The dashboard has a complete channel management UI in the left sidebar.

Location: Left sidebar → Extensions panel (🔗 chain-link icon) → Channels tab.

What users can do in the Channels tab:

• View all channels with live status (connected / configured / error / disabled)
• WeChat / WhatsApp: Click the Connect button → QR code modal opens → scan with phone
• Enable / Disable any channel via a toggle switch (triggers config.patch → gateway restart)
• Delete a channel via the red trash button (with confirmation modal)
• Add Channel button at the bottom (sends a chat message asking you for help)
• Ask Agent to Fix / Configure button on error/unconfigured channels (sends chat message)

How to guide users:

• For WeChat / WhatsApp QR login: Direct users to the Channels tab: "请打开左侧扩展面板 → 通道标签 → 点击微信旁边的 Connect 按钮，在弹出窗口中扫码。" Do NOT generate QR codes in the chat — the dashboard QR modal handles it.
• For bot-token channels (Telegram, Discord, etc.): Help via chat — guide them to get a token, then use config.patch to write it. Or they can click "Ask Agent to Configure".
• The weixin_login / whatsapp_login agent tools are fallbacks for IM-only contexts (when the user is chatting from Telegram/Discord and has no dashboard access).

Connection Protocols

Bot-Token Type (Telegram / Discord / Feishu / QQ / Slack)

1. Guide user to create a bot on the platform and obtain a token.
   • Telegram: Talk to @BotFather → /newbot → copy token.
   • Discord: Discord Developer Portal → Bot section → copy token.
   • Feishu: Open platform → create bot → App ID + App Secret.
2. Write config via config.patch:
   • Telegram: { channels: { telegram: { botToken: "<TOKEN>", enabled: true } } }
   • Discord: { channels: { discord: { token: "<TOKEN>", enabled: true } } }
   • Feishu: { channels: { feishu: { appId: "...", appSecret: "...", enabled: true } } }
   • Others: see platform OC docs for field names.
3. After config.patch: Gateway auto-restarts via SIGUSR1 (takes ~3–5s). The dashboard reconnects automatically. No manual restart needed.
4. Telegram: user must send "/start" in the bot chat to receive replies.
5. commands.native must be false (530+ tools exceed IM menu limits). sync-global-config.cjs auto-fixes this on startup.

WeChat (微信) — QR Scan

Prerequisite: openclaw-weixin plugin installed and in plugins.allow.

Primary path (dashboard): User clicks Connect in the Channels tab → QR modal → scan. The dashboard handles web.login.start → web.login.wait automatically, then triggers config.patch to restart gateway and pick up new credentials.

Fallback path (IM-only / no dashboard): Use the weixin_login agent tool:

1. Call weixin_login { action: "start" }.
   • Returns QR code URL in markdown: ![weixin-qr](https://...).
   • Display the image to the user and prompt them to scan with WeChat.
2. Call weixin_login { action: "wait", timeoutMs: 120000 }.
   • Blocks until the user scans or timeout.
   • On success, plugin auto-saves credentials; gateway auto-starts channel.
3. WeChat cannot send proactive messages — replies only (contextToken mechanism).

WhatsApp — QR Scan

Primary path: Same as WeChat — user clicks Connect in the Channels tab.

Fallback path (IM-only): Use the whatsapp_login agent tool:

1. Call whatsapp_login { action: "start" }.
   • Returns QR code as base64 data URL in markdown: ![qr](data:image/png;base64,...).
2. Call whatsapp_login { action: "wait", timeoutMs: 120000 }.
   • Blocks until the user scans or timeout.

Config & Restart Behavior

Understanding this is critical for troubleshooting:

1. config.patch → gateway receives SIGUSR1 → drains active tasks (up to 90s) → restarts → channels reload from new config. Dashboard auto-reconnects.
2. Enable/Disable switch in dashboard → calls config.patch with { channels: { <id>: { enabled: true/false } } } → restart.
3. Delete button → calls config.patch with { channels: { <id>: null } } → restart.
4. If a channel has an invalid token (e.g., placeholder <YOUR_TOKEN>), the channel will crash on startup with 401 Unauthorized and enter an auto-restart loop (exponential backoff: 5s → 10s → 20s → ... up to 10 attempts). This is normal; it stops after 10 failures. Fix: provide correct token or disable the channel.
5. Drain can be slow (up to 90s) if there are active agent tasks or embedded runs. This is by design — gateway waits for work to complete before restarting.

In-Channel Behavior

• All RC tools (library, tasks, workspace, monitor) are fully available.
• Keep replies under 2000 characters (IM message limit).
• Do not use Markdown tables (most IM clients do not render them).
• approval_card degrades to text: "需要审批: xxx. 回复 yes/no".
• Media requires absolute paths via the media parameter.
• Peer ID formats differ: WeChat [email protected], Telegram numeric IDs.

Troubleshooting

Common Errors

Symptom	Cause	Fix
401: Unauthorized loop	Invalid or placeholder bot token	Provide real token via config.patch or disable channel
"not configured"	No credentials found for channel	For bot-token: set token in config. For WeChat: re-scan QR
"Provider not running"	Channel configured but crashed	Check logs for error. Common: token expired, network issue
Channel not visible	Plugin not in plugins.allow or plugins.load.paths	Add to both in config. See 4-point sync below
better-sqlite3 crash	Native module ABI mismatch	Rebuild under conda Node 22 (gateway's Node version)
WeChat "not configured" after QR	Old default account has no token	Re-scan QR. Dashboard uses best account for status

Diagnostic Steps

When a channel shows Error or Not Configured:

1. Check the token: Read config via config.get or ask user. Is it a real token or a placeholder like <YOUR_TOKEN>? Placeholder = 401 errors.
2. Check plugins.allow: The channel plugin ID must be in plugins.allow array. Example: openclaw-weixin for WeChat, telegram for Telegram (OC built-in).
3. Check credentials path (WeChat only): Stored at ~/.openclaw/openclaw-weixin/accounts/<accountId>.json. If missing, user needs to re-scan QR.
4. Check gateway logs: Look for [telegram], [openclaw-weixin] etc. in terminal output. Common patterns:
   • 401: Unauthorized → invalid token
   • ENOTFOUND / ETIMEDOUT → network/VPN issue
   • channel exited → channel crashed, will auto-restart
5. Restart gateway if needed: gateway.restart (requires approval_card). Or user can Ctrl+C and re-run run.sh.

4-Point Plugin Sync (for new channel plugins)

When adding a new channel plugin, it must be registered in 4 places:

1. config/openclaw.json → plugins.allow array
2. config/openclaw.json → plugins.load.paths array
3. scripts/ensure-config.cjs → REQUIRED_ALLOW array
4. dashboard/src/utils/config-patch.ts → RC_CONFIG_DEFAULTS.plugins.allow Plus the runtime global ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json.